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The Qaumī Tarāna (Urdu: قومی ترانہ) is the national anthem of Pakistan. At independence, on August 14, 1947, Pakistan did not have a national anthem. When the flag was hoisted at the independence ceremony it was accompanied by the song, "Pakistan Zindabad, Azadi Paendabad". The flag itself had only been approved by the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan three days earlier.[1][2][3] Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan, asked Lahore-based Hindu writer, Jagannath Azad on August 9, 1947 to write a national anthem for Pakistan in five days.[4] Jinnah may have done this to promote a more secular idealism for Pakistan.[5] The anthem written by Azad was quickly approved by Jinnah, and it was played on Radio Pakistan.[6] Azad's work remained as Pakistan’s national anthem for approximately eighteen months, despite competition from a rival attempt by a Mr B T Baghar.
[edit] Composition
In early 1948, A. R. Ghani from Transvaal, South Africa, offered two prizes of five thousand rupees each for the poet and composer of a new national anthem. The prizes were announced through a Government press note published in June 1948. In December 1948, a National Anthem Committee (NAC) was formed, initially chaired by the Information Secretary, Sheikh Muhammad Ikram. Committee members included several politicians, poets and musicians such as Abdur Rab Nishtar, Ahmed Chagla and Hafeez Jullundhri. The committee had some difficulty at first in finding suitable music and lyrics.
In 1950, the impending state visit of the Shah of Iran, resulted in the Government asking the NAC to submit an anthem without delay. The committee chairman, Federal Minister for Education, Fazlur Rahman, asked several poets and composers to write lyrics but none of the submitted works were deemed suitable. The NAC also examined several different tunes and eventually selected the one presented by Chagla and submitted it for formal approval. Chagla produced the musical composition in collaboration with another committee member and assisted by the Pakistan Navy band.[7]
The music of the anthem was composed by Ahmed Ghulamali Chagla, with lyrics written by Abu-Al-Asar Hafeez Jullundhri. The three stanza composition was officially adopted in 1954. However, the music for the anthem had been composed in 1950 and had been used on several occasions before official adoption. The lyrics allude to a "Sacred Land" referring to Pakistan and a "Flag of the Crescent and Star" referring to the national flag. Unofficially, the anthem is sometimes referred to by its first line "Pāk sarzamīn shād bād" (Urdu: "Blessed be the sacred land"). The national anthem is played during any event involving the hoisting of the flag, for example Pakistan Day (March 23) and Independence Day (August 14).
The anthem without lyrics was performed for Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan and later for the National Anthem Committee on August 10, 1950.[8] Although it was approved for playing during the visit of the Shah, official recognition was not given until August 1954.[8] The anthem was also played during the Prime Minister's visit to the United States. The NAC distributed records of the composed tune amongst prominent poets, who responded by writing and submitting several hundred songs for evaluation by the NAC. Eventually, the lyrics written by Jullundhri were approved and the new national anthem was first played properly on Radio Pakistan on August 13, 1954.[9] Official approval was announced by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting on August 16, 1954. The composer Chagla had however died in 1953, before the new national anthem was officially adopted. In 1955 there was a performance of the national anthem involving eleven major singers of Pakistan including Ahmad Rushdi.[10]
[edit] Initial version
Information on the first anthem by Azad is very sparse. The lines presented below, were originally quoted by the Dawn newspaper[6]
- Urdu
|
- Transliteration[4]
|
- Translation
|
:اے سرزمین پاک
- ذرے تیرے ہیں آج
- ستاروں سے تابناک
- روشن ہے کہکشاں سے کہیں
- آج تیری خاک
|
- Āey sarzamīn-e-Pāk
- Zarre tere hain āj
- Sitāron se tābnāk
- Roshan hain kehkashān se kahīn
- Āj teri khāk
|
- O land of Pakistan,
- Each particle of yours
- Is being illuminated by stars.
- Even today your dust has been
- Been brightened by the galaxy
|
[edit] Present anthem
The music composed by Chagla reflects his background in both eastern and western music. The lyrics are written in highly Persianised Urdu, even using Persian grammar. Every word in the entire anthem is of Persian or Arabic origin, with the one exception "ka" ( کا, "of" ) having purely Urdu origins.[9] The anthem lasts for 1 minute and 20 seconds,[11] and uses twenty one musical instruments and thirty eight different tones.[9]
- Urdu
|
- Transliteration
|
- Translation
|
- پاک سرزمین شاد باد
- كشور حسين شاد باد
- تو نشان عزم عالیشان
- ! ارض پاکستان
- مرکز یقین شاد باد
|
- Pāk sarzamīn shād bād
- Kishwar-e-hasīn shād bād
- Tū nishān-e-`azm-e-`alīshān
- Arz-e-Pākistān!
- Markaz-e-yaqīn shād bād
|
- Blessed be the sacred land
- Happy be the bounteous realm
- Symbol of high resolve
- Land of Pakistan!
- Blessed be thou, citadel of faith
|
- پاک سرزمین کا نظام
- قوت اخوت عوام
- قوم ، ملک ، سلطنت
- ! پائندہ تابندہ باد
- شاد باد منزل مراد
|
- Pāk sarzamīn kā nizām
- Qūwat-e-ukhūwat-e-`awām
- Qaum, mulk, sultanat
- Pā-inda tābinda bād!
- Shād bād manzil-e-murād
|
- The order of this sacred land
- Is the might of the brotherhood of the people
- May the nation, the country, and the state
- Shine in glory everlasting!
- Blessed be the goal of our ambition
|
- پرچم ستارہ و ہلال
- رہبر ترقی و کمال
- ترجمان ماضی شان حال
- ! جان استقبال
- سایۂ خدائے ذوالجلال
|
- Parcham-e-sitāra-o-hilāl
- Rahbar-e-tarraqqī-o-kamāl
- Tarjumān-e-māzī, shān-e-hāl
- Jān-e-istiqbāl!
- Sāyah-e-Khudā-e-Zū-l-Jalāl
|
- This flag of the crescent and star
- Leads the way to progress and perfection
- Interpreter of our past, glory of our present
- Knowledge of the future!
- Symbol of the Almighty's protection
|
[edit] Timeline
- 1949 - Musical composition by Ahmad G. Chagla (running time, 1 minute 20 seconds)
- 1952 - Verses written by Hafeez Jullundhri, selected from 723 entries
- 1954 - Released on Radio Pakistan on 13 August. Singers of the anthem were: Ahmad Rushdi, Shamim Bano, Kokab Jehan, Rasheeda Begum, Najam Ara, Naseema Shaheen, Zwar Hussain, Akhtar Abbas, Ghulam Dastgir, Anwar Zaheer and Akhtar Wassi.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
[edit] External links
Pakistan
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